Artistic Ways Of Murder David M. Stone - 1235 Words

Artistic Ways of Murder David M. Stone has made some great points in his article, â€Å"Signature Killer: Caravaggio and the Poetics of Blood.† Stone set out to explain his ideas about Michelangelo Merisi Caravaggio’s honorary knighthood and the social standing it gave him, and what it meant for Caravaggio to sign his name in The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, in the blood of St. John the Baptist himself. Stone gave great insight into the world of Caravaggio’s life and what he could have been implying through the act of signing in blood. Stone stated that Caravaggio left his lucrative career as an altarpiece painter to provide praiseworthy service to the Order of St. John, in hopes of becoming an honorary knight in the†¦show more content†¦Caravaggio’s demonstration of the power of art was using art as leverage to become a nonnoble in a chivalric order and to gain freedom for his crimes. All nobles in the Knights of Malta have a coat of arms to help tell the story of who came to the island and earned a knighthood. Since Caravaggio was not a noble he did not have a coat of arms. His lack of nobility would be obvious by fellow knights and novices in Malta on his altarpiece, The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, since for his masterpieces missing coat of arms. The missing coat of arms would have other knights questioning his deserving of a knighthood and his merit. Through Caravaggio’s signature in blood is a ready response: â€Å"here are my bloodlines, my proof of nobility, descended directly, through faith and dutiful service-through the virtue of my art-from the precious blood of our martyred patron saint, John the Baptist.† Caravaggio’s rhetoric of the triumph of faith over family ties could not be clearer. Stone states that John the Baptist must be consider the first fallen knight of the order of St. John. He quotes Caroline walker Bynum as stating the positive effects of bloodshed: cleansing, sealin g, freeing, protecting, restoring, vivifying, inebriating, reinstating, redeeming. Signing his name in the blood of the Baptist suggest through membership in the Order of St. John Caravaggio is being reborn rebaptized with a new name: fraShow MoreRelatedEvil in Roberto Benignis Life Is Beautiful4016 Words   |  17 PagesFor example, Daniel Vogelmann, an Italian Jew who lost family members at Auschwitz, rejected the idea of presenting the evil of Holocaust in a manner that might mislead new generations into regarding the film as factual. In the United States, critic David Denby led the protest against the film by panning the film as unconvincing and self-congratulatory and accusing Benigni of perpetrating a Holocaust denial (Denby 96). 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This Song Is Composed By Nujabes And Performed By Cise...

This song is composed by Nujabes and performed by Cise Starr and Akin. The composer himself is very accomplished, influencing an entire genre of music. This song is very rhythmic and has identifiable beats. The song has a message that I hold with high regard, as I share the beliefs of the composer. It is the first track in one of my favourite albums Modal Soul. It also references one of my favourite books Flowers for Algernon. The smooth blend of jazz and hip hop instrumentals as well as the melodic tune of the piano, complemented by the rough voices of Cise Starr and Akin make this song very enjoyable. Having listened to many of his other songs, I highly admire Nujabes for his deep commitment to his craft and his ability to produce beautiful music that combines multiple genres. In many of his other songs, hip hop beats are also often blended with jazz influences to create a mellow atmospheric sound. Moreover, I also admire Nujabes for contributing to the original soundtrack of my favorite show, Samurai Champloo. We chose to analyze this song because we felt it presented an uplifting, yet complex and unique take on how people should strive to live their lives in this complicated world. Meaning - This song is about being able to achieve spiritual harmony regardless of the circumstances that one is presented. â€Å"Seeing the headlines lined with discord, It s either genocide or the planet in uproar.† Despite this, the artist still goes on to say â€Å"Riding the escalator to

Chalice Chapter 18 Free Essays

She would have to marry him. Marry the new Master, and bear his child. The Overlord looked up at her, at the Chalice, standing at the top of the House steps, and made her the least possible bow: just enough of an acknowledgement that he should be seen to be acknowledging her. We will write a custom essay sample on Chalice Chapter 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She prevented herself from closing her eyes, met the Overlord’s gaze steadily, and made the tiniest of bows in return. Whatever he had in mind for her later, he needed her now. And would a short life be bad, if she were Horuld’s wife? The Master was offered the choice of the swords. He still wore his billow of cloak, and the sleeves tangled with the filigree around the case’s edge. He needed both hands to lift his sword – his choice was merely the one that lay nearer. She thought she saw him hesitating before touching the hilt, perhaps so that he would not burn the fine lining of the case. Horuld, stripped to his shirt, stepped forward and seized the other sword with a flourish. Holding it aloft in a gesture she disliked intensely, he too looked up to the head of the House stairs, and his bow was as flourishing as his grasp on the sword. But when he straightened out of his bow his gaze too seemed to go above the heads of the Chalice and the Grand Seneschal, and the sword wavered slightly. She thought, He knows he is not fit to govern this or any demesne. She gave him the same tiny acknowledgement she had given the Overlord. She would have preferred to give him no acknowledgement at all. But if he won†¦when he won, when this grotesque charade was over with†¦. Two of Horuld’s – or the Overlord’s – folk paced out and stood at two of the corners of the area where the faenorn would take place. There was a brief pause, and the Master seemed to shake himself. He began to say something – and then two of the demesne folk came forward and bowed awkwardly; she could see the gestures – equally awkward – of asking leave to speak to the matter at hand. At first she recognised neither of the men, and strained to see, because they were finely dressed, like members of the Circle, but with none of the individual marks and badges that identified each Circle member; that and their strange gracelessness with the ritual gestures†¦. One of them was Lody the shepherd, and the other, the butcher for the House kitchens; Gess? No, Gresh. Although he was still a young man, he bought honey from her for his aching knee – a hunting accident, he had told her. She glanced at the Seneschal, who gave a tiny nod. â€Å"They volunteered,† he said. â€Å"They have no families.† Little to lose, she translated silently. Little to lose, and courageous with it, and briefly her eyes blurred with tears. The Overlord’s men carried tokens for north and south, tree and fruit; the shepherd and butcher held those for east and west, the sun and the earth. Mirasol suddenly became aware of her hands in their empty cradling; and almost without thinking, she pulled the bag over her shoulder forward, and opened it. Still watching the people on the ground, she groped for the shape of a particular jar and lifted it out. It wasn’t till she looked at it that she realised what she was doing – or rather that she didn’t know what she was doing – but her hands seemed to know, her Chalice hands. The jar her hand had chosen – and it was an odd old wooden jar, a recognisable crooked shape under her fingers, a reject because it would not sit straight on a shelf, the only empty jar she could find when at the last minute she’d decided to take a little more honey on her journey, a little of the mysterious honey, the honey that seemed to suggest laughter and jo y and a long bright horizon, the strong-tasting honey whose distinguishing source she could not identify. She’d almost laughed when she decanted it because the bigger crock it lived in was also very crooked, not merely a reject but so lopsided that her mother had kept trying to throw it out, and her father kept rescuing it; and when her father died her mother kept it after all, for those memories of him. Mirasol had thought, as she carefully poured, that perhaps this honey had an affinity for those who do not sit securely, who do not rest peacefully, who limp instead of walk. She hadn’t quite been able to laugh, but she’d been smiling when she tucked it into its corner of a saddlebag, and the smile had been as refreshing as cold water on a hot day. This was the honey that had given her energy in the sennight past when she had none, the honey she had put last into the cup for her last-of-all stop on the pavilion hill. It was the honey she had given the Master, the day he had come to her cottage, and a bee had stung him. She opened it because why else would she have taken the jar out? The smell of it made her think of the last dream she had had, on the pavilion hill. It was not easy to arrange her hands in any Chalice grasp on a small round crooked wooden pot, but she managed. She held the little fat shapeless thing against her breast, beneath her chin, and the smell of the honey, even in these circumstances, still tried to make her smile. She was not thinking of her bees, but as she fitted herself into the Chalice stance, composing herself to stand true and straight and still, like a statue on its plinth, several bees landed on the backs of her hands, and several more on her hair – and one on the end of her nose. Again she tried to smile – as if there is a smile here, as real as a bee, trying to make me wear it, she thought, as I am trying to hold – to wear – being Chalice. Even with no chalice. to hold as evidence. â€Å"Welcome, my little friends,† she whispered. â€Å"Do you remember your Master, who saved your sister?† If the Grand Seneschal heard her, he gave no sign. Probably he was watching the scene below too closely to notice her or her bees. Awkwardly the Master raised his sword in the ritual gesture. Gracefully Horuld did the same. One of Mirasol’s Chalice hands loosed itself from holding the little jar, and with the same formality as if the gesture were a ritual as old as Chalices, as old as demesnes and Masters, extended its forefinger, drew it through the jar, and put the finger in Mirasol’s mouth. The flavour bloomed on her tongue. Thousands of years of Chalices, following the practises and services, the ceremonies and conventions, binding the demesnes, listening and speaking to the earthlines, sustaining and strengthening their Masters, witnessing the work of the Circle, doing as they must, and as every Chalice had done before and would do after them. Even when a Chalice died suddenly with no apprentice, the force of the tradition would lift and carry – no, sweep, flood, overcome – her inheritor into what she had inherited; into the Chalice way. It had always been like this; it had been this way since the demesnes were drawn. Chalices did not create; they cultivated. There had never been a honey Chalice before. The flavour of the honey filled her mouth; it felt as if it were seeping through the skin of her mouth and tongue, into her blood, running through her body with every beat of her heart. The Master and Heir each took the ritual step forward, lowering the blades of their swords, and then stepped back again, again raising the blades to the beginning position. The Master stumbled as he stepped back, and again needed two hands to steady his sword. Any decent man would refuse to raise a sword against a Fire-priest whose strength is in Fire, not swordplay, she thought. Any Heir fit to be Master of a demesne would refuse to go through with this. The faenorn began. Horuld danced forward, one step, two steps. And the Master – as she had known he would – dropped his sword, spread his arms and stepped forward. And at the top of the grand front stair of the House, the Chalice stepped forward too and screamed No through the taste of the honey in her mouth. And the bees – hundreds of thousands, millions of bees, the Chalice’s own bees, the House bees, the wild bees of the forests, the bees of hundreds of hives in hundreds of meadows and gardens and glades all over the demesne – the bees plunged down from where they had hovered above the roof of the House, making a noise more like thunder than like the humming of bees, and covered the faenorn field in a black cloud. The Overlord seemed frozen where he stood; the four men at the four corners of the field stepped uncertainly back, seemingly more bewildered than frightened. The faenorn field seethed with bees, peaking like sea waves lashed by storm winds. There was one shriek above their thunder, a man’s voice: â€Å"I’m on fire! Burning – I’m burning!† And then†¦nothing. Perhaps half the bees flew away, dispersing like ordinary bees, making a humming noise as they went no different from any ordinary bees. The rest remained, lying in dark motionless heaps and hummocks over the space at the foot of the stair that ran up to the front doors of the House from the edge of the parkland and the end of the drive. The squared-off faenorn arena, as well as the crescent of gravelled drive, had disappeared under the dunes of dead bees. My bees, Mirasol thought. My bees! What have I done! But she was the first to move. Still clutching her jar of honey, with the leather saddlebag still banging on her hip, she ran down the steps and waded into the rough sea of dead bees. There was one hummock, bigger and blacker than the rest, where the bees were all her own. My bees, she thought, weeping. She fell on her knees beside the hummock, and for a moment hesitated, not in fear but in sorrow; and then she leaned forward, her free hand disappearing to the shoulder as she brushed away the bodies of her bees, golden glints appearing and disappearing as the yellow stripes on their bellies appeared and disappeared. What was under the hummock moved. The Master sat up. His cloak was gone; he was bare-headed and bare-chested. His skin was the colour of Mirasol’s, and his eyes were brown. He looked up, first at her, then at the sky; then at his own hands. He touched the back of one with the other. It was an ordinary, easy, smooth, human gesture. Mirasol stood up and offered him her hand, and he grasped it – grasped it with no hesitation – to stand up too, although he moved lithely and gracefully. His hand was no warmer than Mirasol’s own. He was wearing but a few tattered rags; she let go of his hand to take off her own cloak and drape it round him. He smiled at her. She held out her jar of honey. He took it doubtfully, and stood looking at it. â€Å"It’s only honey,† she said. â€Å"It’s the honey you ate with me, the afternoon you and Ponty came to my cottage.† â€Å"Only honey,† he said musingly, and his voice too was human, deep and resonant, with none of the crackly disturbing echoes of Fire. â€Å"I am not sure I can think of ‘only honey’ ever again. I saw you, just now, at the top of the stair, holding this little pot of honey as your chalice. straight and proud as any jewelled queen, with your saddlebag over your shoulder and the dust of your journey still on you. I knew I had no hope left – I had even convinced myself that I was relieved that the struggle was about to be over, because I knew I had already lost. And when I looked up and saw you as you were, in no gaudy robes and bearing no solemn goblet – suddenly I had hope.† â€Å"I did not see you looking,† said Mirasol. â€Å"I did not want you to see,† said the Master. â€Å"And I looked away quickly, because I knew the hope was false. I knew – I think I knew – that it was not really about hope, it was about looking at you. And so I looked at Horuld, and at his sword, and reminded myself that they were about to kill me.† â€Å"But you have been helping me, this sennight past,† said Mirasol, and as she spoke she was sure she was speaking the truth. â€Å"The earthlines were waiting for me. I did not have to reach for them; they were already looking for me, turning toward me. You cannot have been doing it only for the demesne. That is too bleak, too bitter, and the earthlines would have felt this, and shied away from me.† â€Å"I did it for you,† he said. â€Å"You and our demesne. I might have gone mad, these last days, waiting for my death, staring endlessly at my failure, prisoned in my rooms, in my body, because I did not wish to go out among my people and force them to choose how to react to me – in these last few days, before my weakness forced an outblood Master on them. I had to do something. The Ladywell and the First Tree told me what you were doing, and so I went on before you where I could. Most of the earthlines were already roused; even the air over our demesne, this sennight, has been restless and fretful; the earthlines were feeling the apprehension in every foot, hoof and paw pressed against the ground. It was a matter only of helping them to look for you, to tell them you were coming. But at the pavilion hill I could do nothing.† â€Å"No,† Mirasol said slowly, thinking of the dream she had had there only the night before, of the wedding, and the bees. â€Å"No. I think it did hear you. I think it is trying to come back to us, as you did, from Fire. It is having a difficult journey. We will go there – tomorrow – and try to reach it. Try to lead it home.† â€Å"Tomorrow,† he said, and smiled. Mirasol saw that he had a beautiful smile. She dropped her eyes to the pot of honey he was still holding. â€Å"I am still Chalice,† she said, â€Å"and I bear witness to this meeting. I have offered you a cup, and you must drink.† â€Å"I believe in the luck of the Chalice – of this Chalice. Of my Chalice,† he said, and he took one of her hands and gently placed the honey jar in it, folded both his hands around it, and, that way, raised the jar to his mouth; together they tipped it, and she saw a flash of gold, brighter even than her bees’ bellies, as the honey poured onto his tongue. They dropped their linked hands, but Mirasol’s free hand found one of the Master’s, and when they turned to look round them, they did so with their hands clasped. Other folk had begun to move uncertainly through the swirls of bees flung over the faenorn ground. There was a muted exclamation when they found Horuld’s body. Mirasol looked over at it, almost indifferently, but with a touch of fear like a bad memory. It was, at first glance, difficult to differentiate from the dead bees that had covered it. He was black and shrivelled, as if burnt in a fire to temper sword steel, his legs drawn up and his hands curled into claws. He wasn’t recognisable as Horuld; he was barely recognisable as human. The Overlord made an inarticulate sound, of grief or of rage. He did not move from where he stood – from where he had stood since the sword box had been opened, and the Heir had danced lightly forward to kill the Master – but he made a sharp gesture, and two of his folk ran to the carriage and, after a moment’s confusion, brought a blanket to where the pathetic remains of Horuld lay, and wrapped them up in it. Mirasol thought, watching, that what was left weighed nothing at all, as if it were barely more than ash, and would have fallen to dust by the time it was carried to†¦she thought, I don’t even know Horuld’s home demesne. Deager told us – that among many other things – but I don’t remember. Or perhaps the Overlord will take it to his own great estate outside the capital city, and bury it there. But Horuld – what was left of Horuld – was being taken away. Away from Willowlands. That was all that mattered. She was still watching as the two men carried their light burden back to the carriage, when her gaze crossed the Overlord’s. He was staring at her, his face blazing with†¦something she could not read, and did not want to. When he had looked at her long enough, his scorching stare shifted to the Master, standing handfast beside her. The Grand Seneschal had followed her more slowly to the foot of the stairs and stood now on the shore of the bee-ocean, its outer limits barely brushing his toes. He too had been looking at the Overlord, but he felt Mirasol’s gaze, and he turned to look at her, smiled faintly and began to wade toward them. When he came close enough to speak privately, he murmured, â€Å"I had taught myself to like the prospect of retirement; of enough sleep every night, and meals taken at table, not at my desk. But you will need me, I think. Your Chalice, Master, sees all things clearly, which is both her strength and her weakness.† Mirasol could feel her cheeks go hot; it was true, she could, at this moment, only think that they had won, after all, won when there was no possibility of their winning. In a moment she would remember that she had made a bad enemy, and that the game was not over, and perhaps would never be over in her lifetime. Her mind shifted immediately to its second-most familiar track: after the question of what cup to mix next was always the question of what knowledge to seek next. Had any faenorn before now been won or lost by external agency? And had there been thereby any attempt to set its result aside, to declare it void? No. It would not happen in this case, whatever tradition there might be – and she would find out if there were any such tradition. No Master who could guide and direct the earthlines all over his demesne from self-exile in his rooms at the House would have his demesne taken away from him. No such Master who was also human. The Overlord was still staring at the Master, and he seemed utterly absorbed in what he was thinking, but at the sound of his carriage door closing on what had been the Heir he turned on his heel and strode back to his carriage himself. Someone leaped forward to open the door again for him. He climbed the carriage steps as if treading on the bodies of his enemies, and the squeal of the springs sounded like a protest or a lament. He turned and sat down, now staring straight ahead, facing the padded seat where – presumably – Horuld had sat on his journey here, the journey both had confidently expected to result in his assumption of the Mastership of Willowlands. Briefly Mirasol imagined a pathetic lump, blanket-shrouded, on that seat now. The Overlord’s folk dithered a little, and then moved to their places in the smaller carriage or mounted their horses. Mirasol suddenly recognised Deager: he looked twenty years older and†¦frightened. She wouldn’t have known it was he to look at his face; it was his walk that she recognised, and was shocked, then, at the face he turned toward her, toward her and her Master and the Grand Seneschal, standing only a little distance from him, in the dark, eerie, temporary new landscape created by the bees who had died to keep the demesne for its real Master, and out of the hands of the Overlord and his false Heir. Deager turned toward them only long enough for her to identify him, then turned away quickly, and almost ran to his carriage, the second, smaller, plainer one behind the Overlord’s own. Coachmen were clambering up to their perches and taking up reins; postilions let go horses’ heads and climbed to their places. The Overlord’s party left without saying a single word since Horuld had cried â€Å"I’m burning!† although a few of them glanced back, as Deager had, at the House, its Master, Chalice and Grand Seneschal, as they turned down the drive. The Overlord’s coachman was one of those who looked; but of them all only three of the riders following the carriages, out of the Overlord’s sight even had he stopped staring at the seat in front of him and chosen to look round him, gave the proper salutation to the faenorn victor. Mirasol, holding her Master’s hand in hers, remembered thinking that as Chalice, witness and cup bearer, she would be spared having to make that sign to Horuld. â€Å"I am grateful to have a Chalice who sees clearly, and will gladly bear her weakness for her strength,† said the Master. â€Å"I fear that she will have to teach me to see anything at all – everything. You will have to say to me ‘House,’ ‘tree,’ ‘stair,’ ‘horse’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and as he spoke, while she could hear that he spoke in jest, she could also hear that he spoke the truth: he had to make an effort, each time, as he identified House, tree, stair and horse. â€Å"‘Bee,'† said the Grand Seneschal. â€Å"‘Circle,’ for we will need a new one. I’m not sure I wish to depend on any apprentices the current lot have bred up to their ways of thinking either. We will have to hope the finding rods agree with us. I am not looking forward to prying them off Prelate, however. I suspect he will resist. I haven’t seen Prelate today at all, have you? If he’s run away I hope he left the rods behind. Is there a cup of augury, Mirasol?† â€Å"Yes,† said Mirasol, â€Å"but I haven’t learnt to use it. There’s always been so much else†¦we may not have to look for everyone. Perhaps we can start with a shepherd and a butcher.† She thought of the woman she had met the day she came to the House to borrow ponies and panniers, who had called the bee that had landed on her shirt front â€Å"little missus.† â€Å"And perhaps I know a gardener to make a third. And perhaps they will find something comfortably in common with the philosophy of a woodskeeper. And with learning by doing, when you don’t know what you’re doing.† â€Å"It has worked well enough for you,† said the Grand Seneschal. â€Å"For my first task I shall see to it that no one in all the demesnes under the king does not know the story of how Willowlands won back its Master from the priesthood of Elemental Fire – for that is how the tale shall go.† â€Å"Perhaps,† said the Master slowly, â€Å"some of the present Circle may think better of their Master now.† â€Å"Perhaps,† said the Grand Seneschal grimly, â€Å"but do we think better of them?† â€Å"We are all only mortal,† said the Master, even more slowly. â€Å"We do only what we can do. All the Elemental priests have certain teachings in common: one of them is that everyone, every human, every bird, badger and salamander, every blade of grass and every acorn, is doing the best it can. This is the priests’ definition of mortality: the circumstance of doing what one can is that of doing one’s best. Only the immortals have the luxury of furlough. Doing one’s best is hard work; we rely on our surroundings because we must; when our surroundings change, we stumble. If you are running as fast as you can, only a tiny roughness of the ground may make you fall.† There was a silence, and then the Grand Seneschal said: â€Å"Master, I fear that during the seven years preceding your return, we all fell.† â€Å"Yes,† said the Master. â€Å"I remember my brother. And I have not been able to smooth the way again as a Master should.† â€Å"You will be able to now,† said Mirasol. â€Å"I hope so,† said the Master. â€Å"And I think the Circle will have some new members, but perhaps not all.† The Grand Seneschal sighed. â€Å"Weatheraugur and I were friends once, when we were young in our posts, under your father’s Mastership. And Talisman†¦Talisman was a very beautiful young woman, and your brother†¦made it difficult to be a woman, and beautiful.† â€Å"I think my Circle has perhaps found it difficult to forget that I am – was – not only a priest of Fire, but brother to their previous Master.† The Grand Seneschal murmured, â€Å"When we were younger – when you and Chalice and Clearseer were still children, and your father was Master – we used to say that his sons were born in the wrong order.† â€Å"Fate does as fate wills,† said the Master. â€Å"That is a common saying to both demesne folk and Elemental priests.† â€Å"I think poor Clearseer has only not been allowed to learn his job,† said Mirasol. â€Å"There are advantages to being high in the hierarchy; I have had to find my own way because no one dared interfere – much.† â€Å"Yes,† said the Grand Seneschal. â€Å"I’m afraid that was one of the occasions when I stubbed my foot on the rough ground and fell.† â€Å"Oh – gods,† said Mirasol, half laughing; she had put her hand on the Seneschal’s arm and then drew it back again. â€Å"I do not even know your name. I cannot always be calling you Grand Seneschal.† â€Å"Nicandimon,† said the Grand Seneschal. â€Å"My parents – and the Grand Seneschal who apprenticed me – called me Nicci.† â€Å"Nicandimon,† said Mirasol, â€Å"for I shall not call you Nicci without exact and specific permission, you held the demesne together for almost eight years – through the time of the previous Master till the time this Master came home to us. You of all of us have earned a few falls.† â€Å"And you will offer me honey for my bruises, will you not?† â€Å"I will,† she said, smiling. Mirasol looked after the Overlord’s procession, disappearing down the drive at a smart trot – too smart, as if they were fleeing. And she looked down at the black waves of dead bees – her poor, heroic bees, and silently promised them that no one would take any honey from any hive anywhere on the demesne this season, that those that remained might rest and recover. And, she thought suddenly, I will teach all the beekeepers in Willowlands to bring their bees through the winter alive. There shall be no more killing of bees in this demesne, ever again. As she thought that, there was a faint buzzing behind her left ear, and she raised her free hand to part the tangle of her hair for the bee to escape. Before it flew away it did a little dance in front of her, as if drawing a symbol in the air, a symbol she should recognise. She thought, Left to right (do you read a bee-message from your perspective or hers?), bottom to top, and a spiral squiggle off to the side. She would go home and write it down. â€Å"Look,† said the Grand Seneschal. The little group of eight Circle members was breaking up. Five of them had, or were in the process of, removing their badges and signs of office, and laying them at the foot of the stairs. Each of the five looked toward the smaller group of the three highest-ranking of their company, still standing among the drifts of bees, and each bowed, gravely and solemnly, before squaring their shoulders and walking away. The remaining three were removing their insignia more slowly, but they did not lay them down, but carried them in their hands, and looked toward the Master. These three were Talisman, Weatheraugur and Clearseer. Mirasol found that she was still holding the Master’s hand when he squeezed hers. She looked up. Thoughtfully she said, â€Å"I think I had better marry you anyway. It is against all tradition, but we are against tradition. And we will need to protect each other.† â€Å"Well done,† said Nicandimon. â€Å"You are coming out of your woodright.† â€Å"I must,† she said. â€Å"We will have most of a new Circle to train.† The Master still had a sticky gleam of honey on his chin. He rubbed at it with his free hand, and licked his fingers. â€Å"What might a priest of Fire and a honey Chalice do together? We shall begin a new era.† Mirasol held out her pot of honey to the Grand Seneschal and said, â€Å"And with this cup I bind us three together with all the strength that the Chalice can find in me.† The Grand Seneschal smiled – and for the first time since Mirasol had known him, the smile reached his eyes. They were caramel-brown, almost the colour of dark honey. â€Å"If the Chalice would do me the honour.† And he opened his mouth, that Mirasol might tip the honey in. All around them their folk were blowing out their candle stubs, and there was a faint, pleasant aroma of charred wick and beeswax. As Mirasol lowered the honey pot again, the first of their people came up to them, to lay the candle ends at their feet among the bodies of the victorious bees; and three of those first were the butcher, the shepherd and the gardener. How to cite Chalice Chapter 18, Essay examples

Blaise Pascal Essay Research Paper Blaise PascalBlaise free essay sample

Blaise Pascal Essay, Research Paper Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal was born at Clermont, Auvergne, France on June 19, 1628. He was the boy of? tienne Pascal, his male parent, and Antoinette B? gone, his female parent who died when Blaise was merely four old ages old. After her decease, his lone household was his male parent and his two sisters, Gilberte, and Jacqueline, both of whom played cardinal functions in Pascal # 8217 ; s life. When Blaise was seven he moved from Clermont with his male parent and sisters to Paris. It was at this clip that his father began to school his boy. Though being strong intellectually, Blaise had a hapless build. Thingss went rather good at first for Blaise refering his schooling. His male parent was amazed at the easiness his boy was able to absorb the classical instruction thrown at him and # 8220 ; tried to keep the male childs down to a sensible gait to avoid wounding his health. # 8221 ; ( P 74, Bell ) Blaise was exposed to all topics, all except mathematics, which was tabu. His male parent forbid this from him in the belief that Blaise was strive his head. Faced with this resistance, Blaise demanded to cognize? what was mathematics? # 8217 ; His male parent told him, # 8220 ; that by and large speech production, it was the manner of doing precise figures and happening the proportions among them. # 8221 ; ( P 39, Cole ) This set him traveling and during his drama times in this room he figured out ways to pull geometric figures such as perfect circles, and equilateral trigons, all of this he accomplished. Due to the fact that? tienne took such conscientious steps to conceal mathematics from Blaise, to the point where he told his friends non to advert math at all around him, Blaise did non cognize the names to these figures. So he created his ain vocab for them, naming a circle a # 8220 ; unit of ammunition # 8221 ; and lines he named # 8220 ; bars # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; After these definitions he made himself maxims, and eventually made perfect demonstrations. # 8221 ; ( P 39, Cole ) His patterned advance was far plenty that he reached the 32nd proposition of Euclid # 8217 ; s Book one. Deeply enthralled in this undertaking his male parent entered the room un-noticed merely to detect his boy, contriving mathematics. At the age of 13? tienne began taking Blaise to meetings of mathematicians and scientists which gave Blaise the chance to run into with such heads as Descartes and Hobbes. Three old ages subsequently at the age of 16 Blaise amazed his equals by subjecting a paper on conelike subdivisions. His sister was quoted as holding said # 8220 ; that it was considered so great an rational accomplishment that people have said they have seen nil as mighty since the clip of Archimedes. # 8221 ; ( I: Pascal ) This was his first existent part to mathematics, but non his last. Note: www.nd.edu/StudentLinks/akoehl/Pascal.html Pascal # 8217 ; s parts to mathematics from so on were surmasing. From a immature age he was? making science. # 8217 ; His first scientific work, an essay on sounds he prepared at a really immature age. Once at a dinner party person tapped a glass with a spoon. Pascal went about the house tapping the China with his fork so dissappeard into his room merely to emerge hours subsequently holding completed a short essay on sound. He used the same attack to all of the jobs he encountered ; working at them until he was satisfied with his apprehension of the job at manus. A few of his disocoveries stood out more so others, of them his ciphering machine, and his parts to combinative analysis hold made a signifigant part to mathematics. The mechanical reckoner was devised by Pascal in 1642 and was brought to a commercial version in 1645. It was one of the earliest in the history of calculating. ? Side by side in an oblong box were topographic points six little membranophones, unit of ammunition the upper and lower halves chich the Numberss 0 to 9 were written, in decending and go uping orders severally. Harmonizing to whichever aritchmatical procedure was presently in usage, one half of each membranophone was shut off from outside position by a skiding metal saloon: the upper row of figures was for minus, the lower for add-on. Below each membranophone was a wheel consisting of 10 ( or 20 of 12 ) movable radiuss inside a fixed rim numbered in 10 ( or more ) equal subdivisions from 0 to 9 etc, instead like a clockface. Wheels and rims were all seeable on the box palpebra, and so the Numberss to be added or subtracted were fed into the machine by agencies of the wheels: 4 for case, being recorded by utilizing a little pin to turn the stoke opposite division 4 every bit far as a gimmick positioned near to the outer border of the box. The process for basic arithmatical procedure so as follows. To add 315+172, foremost 315 was recorded on the three ( out of six ) membranophones closest to the right-hand side: 5 would look in the sighting aperture to the extremem right, 1 following to it, and 3 following to that once more. To increase by one the figure demoing in any aperture, it was necessary to turn the appropriate frum frontward 1/10th of a revolution. Tus in this amount, the membranophone on the extremem right of the machine would be given two bends, the membranophone instantly to its left would be moved on 7/10ths of a revolution, whilst the membranophone to its immediate left would be rotated frontward by 1/10th. Tht sum of 487 could so be read off in the appropriate slots. But, easy as thes operation was, a job clearly arose when the Numberss to be added together involved sums necessitating to be carried forward: say 315 + 186. At the perios at which Pascal was working, and because there had been no old effort at a calculating-machine capable of transporting column sums frontward, this presened a serious proficient challenge. ( adamson P 23 ) Pascal is besides accredited with the coming of Pascal # 8217 ; s trigon ; An agreement of Numberss which were originally discovered by the Chinese but named after Pascal due to his furthur finds into the belongingss which it possesed. ex. ( Pascals Triangle ) 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 . . . `Pascal investigated binomial coefficients and laid the foundations of the binomial theorem. # 8217 ; ( adamson p37 ) ? A triangular array of Numberss consists of 1s written on the perpendicular leg and on the hypotenuse of a right angled isosceled trigon ; each other component composing the trigon is the amount of the component straight above it and of the component above it and to the left. Pascal proceeded from this to show that the Numberss in the ( n+1 ) st row are the coeffieients in the binomial enlargement of ( x+y ) n. Due to the easiness and lucidity of the formation of the jobs involved, Pascal # 8217 ; s trigon, although non master was one of his finest accomplishments. It has greatly influenced mandy finds including the theoritical footing of the computing machine ) . It has besides made an indispensable part to the field of combinative analysis. It besides? through the work of John Wallis it led Isaac Newton to the find of the binomial theorem for fractional and negative indices, and it was cardinal to Leibniz # 8217 ; s find of the calculus. # 8217 ; ( adamson p37 ) As stated looking closer at the trigon Pascal was able to infer many belongingss. First of wholly, the enteries in any row of the trigon are an equal distance from each other. He found another belongings can be derived from the trigon. He discovered that any figure in the trigon is the amount of the two Numberss straight above it. This hectoliter true for both trigons, the solved and unsolved. ( 3/1 ) + ( 3/2 ) = ( 4/2 ) . Similarly, ( 5/1 ) + ( 5/2 ) = ( 6/2 ) . The generalisation of this belongings is known as Pascal # 8217 ; s theorem. Furthur surveies in hydrokineticss, hydrostatic and atmospheric force per unit area led Pascal to many dicoveries still in usage today such as the syringe and hydrolic imperativeness. Both these innovations came after old ages of him experimenting with vacuity tubings. One such experiment was to? Take a tubing which is curved at its bottom terminal, sealed at its top terminal A and open its extermity B. Another tubing, a wholly consecutive one clear at both extermities M and N, is joined into the curving terminal of the first tubing by its extermity M. Seal B, the gap of the curving terminal of the first tubing, either with your finger or in some other mode and turn the full setup upside down so that, in other words, the two tubings truly merely consist of one tubing, being interconnected. Fill this tubing with mercury and turn it the right manner up once more so that A is at the top ; so place the terminal N in a dishfull of mercury. The whole of the mercury in the upper tubing will fall down, with the consequence that it will all withdraw into the curve unless by any opportunity portion of it besides flows through the aperture M into the tubing below. But the mercury in the lover tubing will merely partly subside as portion of it will besides stay suspended at a heright of 26 # 8242 ; -27 # 8242 ; harmonizing to the topographic point and conditions conditions in which the experiment is being carried out. The ground for this difference is because the air weights down on the quicksilver in the dish beneath the lower tubing, and therefore the mercury which is inside that tubing is held suspened in balence. But it does non weigh down upon the mercury at the curving terminal of the upper tubing, for the finger or vesica sealing this prevents any entree to it, so that, as no air is pressing down at this point, the mercury in the upper tubing beads freely because there is nil to keep it up or to defy its autumn. All of these contibutions have made a permanent impact of all of world. Everything that Pascal created is still in usage today in someway or another. His primative signifier of a syringe is still used in the medical field today to administer drugs and take blood. The work he did on combinatory mathematics can be applied by anyone to? figure out the odds # 8217 ; refering a state of affairs, which is precisely how he used it ; by traveling to casinos and playing games smart. Something that anyone can make today. The work he did refering hydrolic imperativenesss are still in usage today in mills, and auto garages.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Essays (1049 words) -

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel about a young boy's coming of age in the Missouri of the mid-1800's. The main character, Huckleberry Finn, spends much time in the novel floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a runaway slave named Jim. Before he does so, however, Huck spends some time in the fictional town of St. Petersburg where a number of people attempt to influence him. Before the novel begins, Huck Finn has led a life of absolute freedom. His drunken and often missing father has never paid much attention to him; his mother is dead and so, when the novel begins, Huck is not used to following any rules. The book's opening finds Huck living with the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Both women are fairly old and are really somewhat incapable of raising a rebellious boy like Huck Finn. Nevertheless, they attempt to make Huck into what they believe will be a better boy. Specifically, they attempt, as Huck says, to "sivilize" him. This process includes making Huck go to school, teaching him various religious facts, and making him act in a way that the women find socially acceptable. Huck, who has never had to follow many rules in his life, finds the demands the women place upon him constraining and the life with them lonely. As a result, soon after he first moves in with them, he runs away. He soon comes back, but, even though he becomes somewhat comfortable with his new life as the months go by, Huck never really enjoys the life of manners, religion, and education that the Widow and her sister impose upon him. Huck believes he will find some freedom with Tom Sawyer. Tom is a boy of Huck's age who promises Huck and other boys of the town a life of adventure. Huck is eager to join Tom Sawyer's Gang because he feels that doing so will allow him to escape the somewhat boring life he leads with the Widow Douglas. Unfortunately, such an escape does not occur. Tom Sawyer promises much-robbing stages, murdering and ransoming people, kidnaping beautiful women-but none of this comes to pass. Huck finds out too late that Tom's adventures are imaginary: that raiding a caravan of "A-rabs" really means terrorizing young children on a Sunday school picnic, that stolen "joolry" is nothing more than turnips or rocks. Huck is disappointed that the adventures Tom promises are not real and so, along with the other members, he resigns from the gang. Another person who tries to get Huckleberry Finn to change is Pap, Huck's father. Pap is one of the most astonishing figures in all of American literature as he is completely antisocial and wishes to undo all of the civilizing effects that the Widow and Miss Watson have attempted to instill in Huck. Pap is a mess: he is unshaven; his hair is uncut and hangs like vines in front of his face; his skin, Huck says, is white like a fish's belly or like a tree toad's. Pap's savage appearance reflects his feelings as he demands that Huck quit school, stop reading, and avoid church. Huck is able to stay away from Pap for a while, but Pap kidnaps Huck three or four months after Huck starts to live with the Widow and takes him to a lonely cabin deep in the Missouri woods. Here, Huck enjoys, once again, the freedom that he had prior to the beginning of the book. He can smoke, "laze around," swear, and, in general, do what he wants to do. However, as he did with the Widow and with Tom, Huck begins to become dissatisfied with this life. Pap is "too handy with the hickory" and Huck soon realizes that he will have to escape from the cabin if he wishes to remain alive. As a result of his concern, Huck makes it appear as if he is killed in the cabin while Pap is away, and leaves to go to a remote island in the Mississippi River, Jackson's Island. It is after he leaves his father's cabin that Huck joins yet another important influence in his life:

Global Warming A persuasive speech Essay Example

Global Warming A persuasive speech Essay Example Global Warming A persuasive speech Paper Global Warming A persuasive speech Paper Essay Topic: Persuasive Renewable energy Then theres the economic costs of climate change loss of tourism, loss of bobs, loss Of fish, farmers battling, food prices through the roof, astronomical costs from more frequent natural disasters, the list goes on. It almost sounds like a mad Max scenario, but the sad fact is, its far from fiction. Im Matt Handmaids from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and I believe that as the caretakers of this planet we must strive together to reduce our carbon emissions and Save the blackcurrants:Weve all heard about Climate Change and youve now heard me list some of its disastrous effects, but what exactly causes it? And what can we do about it? Len a nutshell, lobar warming, known as climate change, is the heating up of our world. It is the result of huge amounts of CO being pumped into the atmosphere, via the burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil to produce power and electricity and thousands and thousands of products, from plastic to makeup to the clothes that we wear. Ever since the industrial revolution in the early 19th century, man has been progressively burning more and more fossil fuels. In fact, in recent times the burning of fossil fuels has been releasing more than a shocking 3 billion metric tones of CO per year, which has been effectively increasing the lobar temperature of the world and disrupting vital climate systems. We are all global citizens. We all have access to information, facts, figures and statistics that undeniably prove climate change exists. We all depend on our earth for clean air, for food and water, for resources, for our livelihoods. We are all consumers. We are all contributing to climate change. We are all responsible for our actions. : We are all obligated to do something about it. If not to save our own skins, think about our children, and our childrens children. Do you want them to inherit a devastated world, knowing full well that we contributed to its destruction? Do we want to be the generation that could have done something real, but instead chose to continue down this selfish road of pollution, alarming consumption and total disregard for the world we live in. Lets be the people that change the course of history. The three biggest contributors to climate change are man-made, but all three of them can, and will be solved with your efforts. PROBLEM 1: Massive carbon interferometers corporations like the oil- producing BP Billion, aluminum giant Alcoa, and of course the coal burning mega factories that supply our electricity rely on the burning fossil fuels, ND are contributing huge amounts of emissions each year. They are literally pumping tones of the toxic gases into the atmosphere that are slowly poisoning our planet. These powerful companies have a vested interest in keeping things the way they are, they dont want to see change because their profit depends on it. Some oil-mining companies even try and deny the existence of global warming whatsoever, just so they dont have to take responsibility for the huge part they play. Wonder what their grandchildren will think of them when they realize that they chose profit over keeping our world healthy. But hinges need to change, and with your help they can. As individuals we have the power to help solve every one of them. Every individual can play an important part. PROBLEM 2. Energy constitutionalisms we are not the ones creating the energy, we are the ones consuming it. The amount of energy produced is merely the amount we demand. The average Australian household uses 8,900 kHz per year, which equates to roughly two and a half tones of carbon emissions per household a year. The amount of energy we are using is incredible and reducing it is a vital step towards stopping the onslaught of climate change. PROBLEM 3. Transportations 8% of the worlds carbon emissions is directly created by you and me. How many of you own more than two cars? How many bayou live on a bus route, but have never caught it before? How many of you drive to the shops if its only a five-minute walk away? The car has become such an integral part of society that weve not realized the harm it is creating. There are many alternative options of transport that can significantly reduce carbon emissions and it is up to us, humanity to reduce it. But if we do not use these alternatives, we can only expect the worst for the futurologist 1 : For lilting the massive carbon emissions is our responsibility to put pressure on the government to enforce legislation to limit the amount of CO emissions produced by industries that produce raw goods, electricity and consumer products. And to commit to formal reduced emissions targets like Kyoto protocol. Let leaders know that polar bears living in the dwindling ice sheets of the arctic arent the only ones skating on thin ice. People power, such as petitions to local member of parliaments can elevate the topic to become an important election issue, which will create awareness n the community and put pressure on leaders to act Also, by not investing in, or purchasing products made by irresponsible corporations that recklessly pollute you CAN make a difference. We can also make a difference by encouraging the research into alternative, renewable and ecologically sustainable fuel sources. You can do this by investing in green energy companies, which not only means that youll be helping the environment, but making financial gains from whats expected to be a 50 billion dollar market by 2008. How to reduce energy consumption at home. If we are to make a serious attempt at reversing the severe harm caused by limited change we must not only change the way energy is produced, but also severely reduce the amount of energy we consume. Im not trying to say that we need to make huge sacrifices for the cause of lowering emissions, for I believe that when every single small reduction in energy consumption is put to process on a global scale, the decrease in carbon emissions is dramatic. For instance, if 1 million households replaced four traditional light bulbs with the much more energy efficient fluorescent variety, we could eliminate approximately 500,000 tones of carbon emissions per year. If we work gather, results like these can be achieved, but we must be unified in our fight to save this planet. Or how about when youre not using your computer? If 1 million people turned off their PCs every night, we could eliminate more than 50,000 tones of carbon emissions per year. Also, the increasing market in solar energy means that solar panels for either hot water heating or electricity generation are dropping in price, and purchasing these can significantly lower our dependence on energy grids, thus lowering your carbon output. How to travel, cleanly method of significantly reducing transport emissions is carpooling. The average commuter creates 3. tones Of CO per year and sharing your car with one other person will effectively halve this figure and create another step towards creating a stable climate. But it is up to you to take these actions. Using public transport instead of driving will also significantly reduce emissions and it is your duty as an inhabitant of this planet to do so. The most effective and efficient method of cutting down carbon emissions involves two wheels, and no carbon emissions. Im talking about the bike, and if 1 million people replaced an eight-kilometer car trip with cycling we could educe carbon emissions by an incredible 1 00,000 tones per year. If driving a car is unavoidable however, buying cars with high fuel efficiency, cars that run on clean diesel as well as petrol electric hybrids will still significantly reduce carbon emissions. Also, you may be wondering, what about flying overseas theres no alternative mode of transport for that! Well, by purchasing slightly more expensive tickets from environmentally aware carriers they will offset your emissions by either investing in green energy or using carbon credit trading. These are perfect examples of how individual actions can make huge preferences when we work together.

Soul Individualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Soul Individualism - Essay Example Historically speaking, human life revolved around the idea of serving the divine being to gain worldly profits and satisfactory existence. A number of practices like human sacrifice for the sake of making the divine being happy are clear indicators of the fact that humans societies of the past were willing to go to any extent merely for the purpose of satisfying the blood thirsty nature of the divine being; and the fact that divine being is satisfied by bloodshed was merely their own thought with no solid proof behind. The concept of soul originated to explain a number of phenomena that could not be explained by ordinary means. The perception that soul is not destroyable appears to be a modern way of explaining the concept of soul. Human beings as individuals have been considered to be the embodiments of soul; every soul being enclosed within the body till the time of death; death being a state that results due to separation of body and soul. The coexistence of body and soul provided existence to an individual; the individual in turn possesses a self. In ancient languages like Hebrew, a word to explain ‘essential self’ is lacking; the self that could survive death (Watson 143). Politically speaking, around 510/509 BC, the Roman law manifested a number of changes that were more inclined towards preserving the rights of individuals rather than the divine being or the state (Watson 154). Law was becoming more and more powerful whereas the concept of depriving the ruler of unlimited powers was gaining pace. With the promotion of the concept of accountability, the individuals were gaining more and more power, and the system to run the state was becoming more and more humanistic. The conditions which led to the rise of the west appear to be similar to these conditions. In America from example â€Å"democracy was established on the western shores of the Atlantic and–equally important–that it was similar from community to

Intercultural communication in language class of culturally diverse Essay

Intercultural communication in language class of culturally diverse students - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to present two case studies identifying two major issues that come in the management of inter-cultural learning for students (World Bank, 2010). The study will be focused on the barriers among students of various cultural backgrounds. It will also elaborate how these students as learners of English as Secondary Language (ESL) respond to the difficulties? The study is comprised of two case studies and will incorporate the case scenario, its discussion and critical evaluation for each case study and will conclude with a formal conclusion. In the English language class one third of my students were from China including Zhang Li, and the rest were mixed of various nations. In learning English language class, the Chinese students were tend to be shy, introvert and reserved. They were poor in communication other students and with instructors and not very often participate in the class discussions. All members of the Chinese group including Zhang Li used to live, st udy and play together. Their attitude showed a fear and hesitation in self-expression. They were very conscious of using English as a medium of interaction. They tend to ignore the cultural aspects of the language and often confused while using phrases and explaining contexts. Moreover, all the Chinese and in particular Zhang Li, felt chauvinistic about their own Chinese culture and were obsessed with fear of interacting with foreign culture. While in English language class their belief on ethnocentrism held them back from developing cultural relations with the American culture and language.

Law. Offer and Acceptance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law. Offer and Acceptance - Essay Example When the party accepts the offer it is generally assumed that all negotiations have been done and the part unconditionally accepts the offer. Hence, there is no halfway through, either there is a contract or there is no contract at all. In this case, Anthony is the offeror who made the offer and Joyce is the offeree; to whom the offer is made. An offer must give a clear indication that the offeror intends to be bound by those terms as soon as they are accepted by the offeree. An offer may remain open until the specified time has been completed. Anthony told Joyce to respond to the offer within a specified time which was Wednesday mid-day. After that time, the offer would have been terminated. According to the English legal system, other circumstances in which the offer will terminate are rejection of the offer, a counter offer made by the offeree, death of the offeror or offeree and withdrawal of the offer (Schulze, 2007, p. 321). In this case, Anthony has withdrawn from the offer th rough sending a letter which Joyce received after posting the acceptance. Under the law, withdrawal of the offer must be communicated to the offeree. The withdrawal of an offer is known as the revocation of the offer. The case of Payne v Cave (1789) established the principle that an offer could be withdrawn anytime before it is accepted. There are many rules that apply to the withdrawal of offers. One of the main rule is that the withdrawal must be communicated which means that the offerors must notify the offeree that the offer is revoked (Young, 2009, p. 87). This rule was established in the case of Byrne & Co v Leon Van Tienhoven (1880) in which the defendants were a company based in Cardiff. They posted a letter on 1st October to New York making an offer to sell 1,000 boxes of tinplates to the plaintiffs. When the plaintiffs received the letter, they accepted it by telegram. However, in the meantime, the defendants wrote another letter to revoke their offer but the letter was re ceived by the plaintiffs later. The court held that a binding contract existed between the two parties as revocation would only take place on communication but acceptances take place as soon as they are posted. Anthony posted his revocation by post and it was received by Joyce after posting the acceptance. This means that the offer had not been revoked and Anthony was still under the circumstances of the offer and must be fulfilling his promise despite the losses it would cause to him. Thus, the offer has not been revoked because acceptance was already posted. If the acceptance would not have been posted by Joyce, the offer could have been revoked because the specified time given for the offer was still valid. Thus, an offer has been made and accepted as well. An offer is revoked only if the revocation is communicated to the offeree but the acceptance is made as soon as it is posted. The contract law establishes that acceptance of an offer is when the offeree has unconditionally acc epted to all terms of the offer. Acceptance can be oral or in writing, but at times acceptance can be done by an act such as delivering goods in a response to the offer. Acceptance does not take effect until it is communicated by reasonable means. Lord Denning explained this principle in Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation (1955) that if A shouts an offer to B over a river and just as B shouts back in acceptance, a noisy aircraft flies over and prevents A from hearing B’s acceptance, no legally binding contract is made. This means that A must hear the acceptance of B only then will it be called communicated (Schulze, 2007, p. 321). However, there are some exceptions to this communication rule. One of the

Design of Internet Service Application on WAP Device

Design of Internet Service Application on WAP Device Abstract The ultimate aim of our project is to provide the design and development for an reliable internet service application which workable on the WAP enabled wireless handheld devices like mobile phone ,PDA(personal digital assistant) but mobile phone will focused mainly on this. To design a WAP application that will be usable by stock market user to receive and check related information like up-to-date stock value , stock quotes, as well as price detailed, trading status in the service directly from their mobile devices. This project concern the developing, testing of a WAP based system for wireless handhelds devices like mobile phone to help the stock market user while on the move for instance the user can access to internet even when they travelling from geographical location to another . the idea of this application is to consider one that in principle not only delivering that data which involves in stock market updates and reliable and securely but one will be rapidly aware the user about the market changes in real time without even in the whilst in office or home , whilst we travelling , to the demand form of communication specially whilst o the move The Stock Market system will be based on WAP architecture for mobile devices. This project will demonstrate how practical and possible will it be to use a mobile internet on the mobile phone to check the stock market value for a particular company whilst on the move. the user can have access to know the current price of the stock and it latest information At click of the button without physically present in front of the stock market office or by watching Television at the someplace. The whole project framework is aim on to Create a WAP application which based on a server side application which could be the company to join a venture with the users to input the data to form a given result. And it important to aware of the modern days application are adapted by the user to improve their capabilities. According to the research board of project believe that the user application projects are lead to failure if it not fully obtain the user demands and requirement for particular needs.The possibly good market for such system will be investigated into further develop to refine a set of clients requirement . there will be a good response for such an application in the market which intended on user who has invested a solid amount in bonds , shares and gilts , and these are all designed to make life easier in such a way it enable the use to make decision at particular time to sell and buy stock such time . 1. Introduction 1.1 Brief Stocks are considered riskier investments ,the value of a stock could at peak and drop down on the rate of the share by every time ,it completely depends on the situation of economy .for instance I am a stockholder having 500 share on a private company. Currently the value of my share is at good rate,and if I want to know what is market value of share with other company .Likewise most of the stock market holder are keen to know the latest information in real time .However it is only possible when the share holder are have a chance to watching news or log on a computer that they would be aware of the situation. Nowadays, most people on the move have at least one mobile device, a mobile phone or a PDA .so why not provide the stock market information as soon as possible directly on these mobile phones?.It can be either on a push basis or pull basis .push basis a like a push message it automatically send the latest information to the user whoever subscribe to the push service , in other hand pull message where the user have to send a request first to get the required response. Most of the people nowadays having mobile phone along them and from which would the user also can access to the internet and other communication uses. Currently the mobile phones are very cheaper and popular in the market when we comparing with other kinds of electronic device However the mobile based stock market tracking system will allows the user to check the latest information of the stock value in the market. There is good market scope for mobile communication due the feasibility and support of the communication at time . and other important of mobile internet is that a user can to be in up-to-date information on necessary thinks needed like weather , flash NEWS, email etc . this would be a viable alternative from traditional fixed internet for PCs and implementation of the mobile internet which is very convenience for us. Like Benjamin Franklin so rightly said, Forewarned is forearmed. So, on consumers point of view, yes, there is a potential need for this application. Moreover, most mobile phone network providers nowadays offer certain amount of free internet browsing on their mobile handsets each month. Users would prefer to use their free offer to check for stock information rather than dialling or texting a phone number, which are usually charged at premium rate, to get that same information. In terms of benefits for the stock exchange company, this will be an improvement of their customer service and keeping up-to-date with new technology. Staffs involved with providing information over the phone for those travellers who still feel at ease with that means, will be able to provide a better quality of service as he or she would not be under so much pressure of dealing with all the calls waiting in the queue. Moreover, staffs at the will fewer enquiries to deal with as commuters will be informed wel l in advance. As author Ben Salter and Alex Michael mentioned .thirteen per cent of mobile subscribes reported accessing news and information via a mobile browser in June 2004. [ REF 1 ] The both author believe that current number of user accessing the mobile internet to browser will increases in feature 1.2 Relevance to course Modules The product based project are really challengeable to undertake but these are possible and manageable from the modules taught over the degree few of them are very help in understanding the cirtical part of the project. Some of the important module are helpful to this project are dicussed below. 1.2.1 CCM2418 (Digital and Mobile Systems) and CCM2420 Data Communications These both modules are very useful and module which let me know about fundamental communication knowledge .we started with the simple data how it goes through different stage of process and to final point of the information at that level were we want know about web connection level what involves in modulation , demodulation , multiplexing and error checking 1.2.2 CCM3415 (Advanced Network Design and Security) and CCM2412 (Network Routing and Protocols) In these both modules were important and necessary because most of the topics we learned were associated to computer networks, and it is contributed a very important role in this project , the areas have taught in these modules includes the fundamental of the network which OSI layer model . And another important area which is protocol on the network that are the set of rule govern the network . this was the whole set of the internet , which is the keen important to largest network 1.2.3 CCM3413 (Mobile Internet Applications and Services) This was the module inspired and gave the knowledge to choose this project ,actually i learned the fundamental of the two-tier architecture , WAP technology , PHP , these topics are playing a main role in this project , module given a full scope of the internet and their uses in different device but we mainly focus on the Mobile Internet which inducted me to undertake this Project 1.2.4 CCM2426 (Professional Project Development) In this module we learn how to work in group and make it as a team. We all worked together and put all our work in to one piece of report. And we learned business ethics and how to implement them in the real life and we have discussed about computer science ethics which some very important issues in the modern day computer field which includes legal issues , copyrights and piracy theses information areas will be more helpful when we starting the marketing and involved in the business related application then there we have to implement this strategies . in past few years piracy issues are increasing in a very dramatic way due the high speed internet available and this reflected on the computer business and they seeking for legal expect to avoid this kind of problem in future . 1.2.5 CCM3422 (Computer Communications Project) This module has take place a major role of this project, according to the principle of Computer Communication Project, it involves in to scheduling and estimating technology 1.3 Literature Review My project is consisting of many different numbers of components which performs in different step in its construction and completion. to get this project as one one working model or product ,it has to process through many tasks and topics. And each and every topic in this project are constantly analysis and studied so that all every aspect are fit and work as one whole product . This project are covered from different topics and areas that were research is been taken form many source which includes text books , online materials journals and past projects . some important resource are used for the research are mentioned below with reviews and definitions. D.Houghand K. Zafar according to their point of view .there are millions of user subscribes to mobile network .these are include everyone from computer executive director to unskilled ordinary labour (Bale Bulb rook). With the benefits of the WAP enable mobile device such as mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA ) and pager are developed to access the internet right on the mobile device able to access the phone banking , price checking , product purchase or sale , any sport result and much more According to authors E.Evan ,P.Ashworth .the wireless device are increase in dramatic way and number of user to communicate , interact on the move, there is a survey showing that right now there is least One billion wireless are subscribes and soon will be increase to twice the amount now (P.Ashworth and E.Evans ,) There are so many user are subscribe and using the WAP. With help of WAP people are getting the same usual format option as exactly From A personal Computer but these are depends on our convenience and so this will lead to big revolution of the internet in the mobile device and change the traditional way of accessing the internet .Eventually public will notice the real impact of WAP devices how it will change the way of accessing internet and they would know the benefits of using this technology , more user will subscribes to network and it will start to grow on numerous way on a new form of communication because it will start using the new will get start using the new technology and they will reply on the advantage ( Frerrel, ZOO ) In Karli Watsons book (beginning WAP) . when we considering development of the todays communication world some factors are comes first but wireless communication having big impact and revolution over the public and number of users are incredibly increasing at a dramatic amount of subscribing are using and amount of data interchanging in speed at which we access the business and another uses . In less than ten year time it will have a tremendous amount of development from initial level of the internet user from the traditional network But there was a doubt on the factor of reliability and usability of the WAP access, On 2000 Ramsay and Neilson have noted in their book that the WAP is not really functional and popular now but it will be score a good reputation and developed system after 2001.Due to scale of operation grows it will led more difficulties observation. To learning Unified model language (UML) introduce will helps and leads as work along with language focused in this book , the author help to keep the clear view on the UML language and help to protect in the cobwets of methodoly. Fred R.Mcfadden and Jeffery A.Hoffer, , are interest on information resource management (IRM) are here to consider as normal way we do with everyday methods ,equipment . in other word the matter of information is a superior component and business resource and must has to treat as other asset such as student , things and etcs. Mcload and Brittain , are suggesting the basic ideas of IRM from their point of view According Ian Summervilles book is focused at student who undertaking the project in under graduation and graduate at software engineering . they have least know and done some fundamental engineering course such as programming languages . This book is full of general and basic idea of new update on some important topics such as , dependable system , requirement engineering, and architecture design. 1.4 Analysis from Literature Review This application is to designed to track the Stock Market status report through WAP enable device . the idea of this application is to provide a service for the user to check their desirable company stock rate on the particular date and a response will send back to user using programmed database and techniques. The main purpose for this application was to reducing time , developing the reliability and efficiency of use when comparing with current application or system . According to the Ramsay and Neilson personal view of WAP and they believed that WAP had a very big impact on the todays technology that we been using ever since it introduces of the this system in the market .it had a breakthrough with other opponent technology but it still had better critics among with other technology P.Ashworth, E.Evans were best authors where keen to know about the feature of mobile communication , actually both were intended to show in their book , to tell what is the feature of M-commerce as of from this decades to next decades development opportunities. M-commerce is the combination of the traditional web system and the wireless connection, Farrell were interested in studying the future of WAP technology to access the internet on mobile service and tried to explain the benefits of this system over people to use their mobile device to access the web browser or internet , even as our todays live is becoming more amd more difficult by day after day so technology might have to help the problem with changing it same system or service for instance ,internet is access from system which through traditional network but would change it technology and developed into wireless internet that is possible by the WAP technology . But according to Ian Somerville in their book Software Engineering ,they had a new form of ideas to develop and view a project by eight different parts which include an brief intro to software engineering , application designing , coding , validation and verifications , critical systems ,managements and software evaluation .this book also covers the system distribution architecture , and software development .the critical software system in consisted and integrated with the reliability , accessiably , security and avaliabilty so these are mentioned as a different topics. Jeffery A. Hoofer and Fred R. McFadden in thier book Modern Database Management they were talked about the database in a larger sector how the larger context of information resource are stored and manage in a dedicated database . In other hand Craig mentioning about the life cycle of the software and he says that UML depends on the different life cycle development model i.e. Spiral Model , Incremental Model and finally Waterfall Models , UML is depends upon the object oriented programming paradigm . so I am using one of the best model software life cycle model which Watetfall models. 2.1 Aims The ultimate aim of this project to create and build a stock market quote that allows the user to quote the stock company and accessing these are all done by selecting appropriate option on the device to have a customer needs. And there will a database is designed for the data to processed from the user and they able to pass their won information. 2.2 Objectives The objectives in project will be divided into two different informant categories ,in each category will further divided into subsection so that each and every phase will be individually discussed and this will lead to achieve a best possible end result of the Final product . Design based objective: Design based objective actually it involved in idea for framework the specified requirement for the user needs. It will really help the consumer and design from business prospect to achieve the best possible result . To build a system following key point must accomplished Modelling the system from requirement specification Implementing the requirement specification of the system using appropriate development tool Of course , testing ,evaluation and debugging the protocol against the system requirement . A created database will be use as a model for this project instead using the stock market databases Research based objectives: In order to give up- to- date software or system . we must have to be focus and to certain to changes will happened on the current system in terms in future development and challenges and often happened in the software industry. There are some of important ways for getting the software awareness by following few steps By examining people who using the daily basis and observe main fact toward the stock market assessment involves by taking surveys and feedback on the web pages usability Offering alternative or current option available to stock exchange quote and their mentioning their advantage and drawback. 2.3 Software Life Cycle and Methodology for the Project Software life cycle which related to our daily life process and it filters all process over each and every stage in our life. It is pretty commonly known fact that relation pound exits between the product class and process quality is directly equal to the result of the Product is created . the software development is neither inevitable nor efficient to produce good piece of product ,but it is also very ease to keep your product as it is . A software life cycle for the project is model used to describes the phase or stage which a software development goes through . there is other way we can also describes a software life cycle models as A software life cycle is vision of the perspective active that happens during software development [REF 5] . these factors were helping us to understand and improve the basic characteristics and activities of the software life cycle The software life cycle is best way to describe overall process involved in the project. Some important processes are described below. Help the project manager to keep the project on the track Describes the basic function that are excepted through the Project to per perform in period of software development Describes the major stage or phase of the software development Provides a general outlook od details tasks so that the we will know the every process involves in software development This Project is development by the waterfall model. Waterfall model is method used for software development process ,it goes through serious of precious step by step method and process is looks as like as waterfall .The advantage of using the waterfall modal is we can organized ,chronological approach to software develop of our projects than beginning at system level and download to next steps .forward through software development in analysis, testing, coding and management . If the software is developed for large scale system so the effects need established for all system fundamental level and assign some division of particular tasks requirement through of software.. 2.3.1 Waterfall Model: Waterfall is commonly used and adopted in software development field . From the Waterfall Model the software development is very simple and straight forward. The software development will simple as it iluustrated diagram and it says that will easier as ever before from any model . actually Waterfall model is designed to develop the software as simple method of order of segments as figure illustrated below, every segments and stage or phase are put into a distinct goals so that the any segments contributed to a software development are achieved successfully. Software Requirement In software development it is vital to gathering requirement of the software and analysis process is very important for a Software based project to build up and focus of the software .In order to know the nature of the program itself to built, one should understand and analysis the requirement of the software and domain need. To gather the requirement we have form and fellow a simple method with some of topic needed to clarified in order to get started this Project. Design a software Software designing naturally is a major and complex step process. To achieve a design process successful we have to interprets requirement into representation of the software. There so many reason and factor get the error on the software design. Coding/ Programming The designing a software which involves in varies of area to accomplished to form in machine-readable . so code generation is takes place in this step. In this step we actually test the code of our project. System evaluation/Testing Once the coding has done, the testing process begins. In this step it will point out any thing on the consist and logical parts of software to make suer which the given statements are correct and it have been tested. And another important part of test is function external testing and it is carried out to make sure that defined input statement will pass and produces actual result Maintenance Any changes or an error could happened. Once the Product has reached the end user which is the consumer . so it is important for a software to adopt into the real world use .the conditions of changes might happen on both side of the parties for instance If the consumer would like to change the option available on the current system by any chance. So it is vital for software development to maintain all the option and feature are must to be up-to-date Project Management Project management activities which involves in schedules ,planner, organization and creating tasks and document like Risk plan, SRS, configuration management and software development plan were produced .so for my Project i decides to use Work Breakdown System as project management 2.4 Work Breakdown System (WBS) WBS is a break down system which is commonly used method in all computer project to achieve all tasks in the project to produce to one workable system. With help of this sort of methodology which help our project to on the right track . in our case to produce a WAP based system to stock market on the mobile devices. 3 Problem definitions Someone who is travelling or is away from their workplace, it is often not possible to gain access from a fixed internet enabled device. But in home environment we would able to access to internet via the local network . Mobile devices are playing major in todays communication world and it becoming very usual and common thing just seem for time. This seem like without this one might thing like a breakdown in the milestone of the telecommunication in this time . Good thing is almost all of latest mobile phones and devices are embedded with WAP-enable so this encourage the user to use this kind of services and the connection are made device by connecting to server which is provided by the network service provider, so therefore provide a service which keep market users, , who spend a proportion of their typical day in the process of accessing to the stock market and tracking on market , latest informed of stock variation, stock quotes, as well as price detailed, trading status, current company news profile . The big question is whether, there is a potential large scale need for such type of service by the stock market. Stock market information is not easily available perhaps unless you are make a phone request or log on to the Internet; and while on the move it is often very difficult to get internet access without a WAP enabled mobile phone or PDA. It is quite simple to imagine that technology is backbone of todays modern world, in this technology world the most important rule is played by the Software System. Almost everyone have to come across with the modern technology every day after day. But few technology development have made tremendous implement with presenting a new form of application performance , attached feature and way of interaction between the user and system these systems are really capable of do anything form a low- level basic need like TV remote to highly sophisacted and sensitive system like Bank transaction these all designed for one single purpose make life easier. Wired communication systems have as their main disadvantage the lack of mobility; wireless systems have the big advantage of supporting mobility of system use. In this modern world technology are getting even better ,not only in technology also in way of communication are now .The development of the mobile internet, mobile devices, applications and the provision of services such as the one proposed here attract considerable attention and effort in these time; there were number of studies and research going to find an efficient mobile internet for mobile phones and other wireless devices One general requirement to ensure that the security of client there are variety of virus and attacker are waiting to corrupt or stole our data from us . so it important to guide the user to access the relevant information easy and rapid . there are two way for safe surf on the mobile internet Allow the user to surf the particular market report on the relevant web site on the micro-browser To allow data streaming to capture the information on the mamory User interface is another issue in mobile device ,due it small screen it just display very few information in simple manner . Brief product description: It is a client-server based application which will support multi-client. For example: User will input share company the which will be send as a request and the server should respond by sending the real time stock market value of the company share has traded over the previous 40 weeks It should be simple, with a suitable user interface and little user inputs so that the result is obtained the as soon as possible It should also support push services, where certain stockholder will be automatically alerted on their mobile should any changes in the service status occurs. The server should automatically push the information to the specific registered mobile users. Deliverables and Development Requirements To successful completion of the project the following items in list will be given in the final submission A hardcopy of the Project final report A softcopy of the Project final report A turnitin copy of the document Program code on the CD Software and development requirement used document Development requirement of the system are: MySQL Server Windows Vista Nokia series Designing a Application from user point of view. As stock quote is never easy before computer start to serve the user demand ,as a stock market person has to know the rate of the stock till up to date but these are possible by Internet as simple as single click you would know the value from past record to till now . In the period when the computer are not as personal computer those days the person itself has to find the stock value through Walk-in to the local newsagent to buy NEWS paper or Television or even Radio but this media were not that reliable as todays technology which Internet, computer ,wireless. But technology start to change the way of stock market working from the traditional method . However our aim is to provide a reliable method for a person to access the stock market condition as easy as possible by using it. So we have to design a application which will server the user need in simple way .,to fulfil there need as application designer has to thing generously from user point of view. Some of the questions are stri ked Is this application or service are able to served the user needs or it just focus on business prospective . Is the user getting any useful and benefit from the application or web page is been designed . How reliable is this application whether is based on other source or direct information from the stock company User interface is most important part for a application ,it must has to be easy to user to use . To design the WAP application we have to gather relevant information or opion from stock holders who really would get benefit from this WAP application as a user. I managed to contact two persons who using the computer to keep to know stock market rate. Their ultimate demand is that interface must has to simple and provide the useful information as simple as possible like simple graph, etc. So the application is designed to help the user so interface has to simple but not to find how to use it, this will leads poor impression on the application. However everyone has different thoughts from thinging of what they want to make them comfortable well i concluded the thoughts of stock market users what do they want the application has to appear and help them to easy way of tracking the current value of the stock market. Ease of use: As a normal user cannot read manual, particularly for some simple service like sending a message, so if they cannot know how to use the application ,they get frustrated and tent to leave the application altogether. That means if the application is not fully intuition, then people will get stuck and we might lose them forever. The user will not come to figure out how to get the application to work .Another ease of use factor is the difficulty of getting to a URL. When designing a software for certain purpose where the user could get useful by that . The software itself has to serve the purpose that made up for what .There is major role for design a application how it will become useable by user. However ,if the users goal and the applications are not same ,there may be a problem . for example user want to know the previous stock market rate and average of the rate by performs of the particular company stock from past fifteen days data report , in order to plan for feature plan and to analysis on the market .And if my application only provide the stock value for the past seven days ,in this case the application is not provide the solution to the user demand. To provide the full potential of the application to user by developing or designing the option in the application as simple as possible o obtain the what is wanted to use by the user. For instance If user if user is holding stock in five major companies shares ,for him or his need to see the top companies which he or she interested should show at first place instant of thousands of company from the list . So in here we deploying the user reliable context to reduce complex problem into simple solution. We can able to attract the user or customer to use our application or provide. The application must have to provides critical inf Design of Internet Service Application on WAP Device Design of Internet Service Application on WAP Device Abstract The ultimate aim of our project is to provide the design and development for an reliable internet service application which workable on the WAP enabled wireless handheld devices like mobile phone ,PDA(personal digital assistant) but mobile phone will focused mainly on this. To design a WAP application that will be usable by stock market user to receive and check related information like up-to-date stock value , stock quotes, as well as price detailed, trading status in the service directly from their mobile devices. This project concern the developing, testing of a WAP based system for wireless handhelds devices like mobile phone to help the stock market user while on the move for instance the user can access to internet even when they travelling from geographical location to another . the idea of this application is to consider one that in principle not only delivering that data which involves in stock market updates and reliable and securely but one will be rapidly aware the user about the market changes in real time without even in the whilst in office or home , whilst we travelling , to the demand form of communication specially whilst o the move The Stock Market system will be based on WAP architecture for mobile devices. This project will demonstrate how practical and possible will it be to use a mobile internet on the mobile phone to check the stock market value for a particular company whilst on the move. the user can have access to know the current price of the stock and it latest information At click of the button without physically present in front of the stock market office or by watching Television at the someplace. The whole project framework is aim on to Create a WAP application which based on a server side application which could be the company to join a venture with the users to input the data to form a given result. And it important to aware of the modern days application are adapted by the user to improve their capabilities. According to the research board of project believe that the user application projects are lead to failure if it not fully obtain the user demands and requirement for particular needs.The possibly good market for such system will be investigated into further develop to refine a set of clients requirement . there will be a good response for such an application in the market which intended on user who has invested a solid amount in bonds , shares and gilts , and these are all designed to make life easier in such a way it enable the use to make decision at particular time to sell and buy stock such time . 1. Introduction 1.1 Brief Stocks are considered riskier investments ,the value of a stock could at peak and drop down on the rate of the share by every time ,it completely depends on the situation of economy .for instance I am a stockholder having 500 share on a private company. Currently the value of my share is at good rate,and if I want to know what is market value of share with other company .Likewise most of the stock market holder are keen to know the latest information in real time .However it is only possible when the share holder are have a chance to watching news or log on a computer that they would be aware of the situation. Nowadays, most people on the move have at least one mobile device, a mobile phone or a PDA .so why not provide the stock market information as soon as possible directly on these mobile phones?.It can be either on a push basis or pull basis .push basis a like a push message it automatically send the latest information to the user whoever subscribe to the push service , in other hand pull message where the user have to send a request first to get the required response. Most of the people nowadays having mobile phone along them and from which would the user also can access to the internet and other communication uses. Currently the mobile phones are very cheaper and popular in the market when we comparing with other kinds of electronic device However the mobile based stock market tracking system will allows the user to check the latest information of the stock value in the market. There is good market scope for mobile communication due the feasibility and support of the communication at time . and other important of mobile internet is that a user can to be in up-to-date information on necessary thinks needed like weather , flash NEWS, email etc . this would be a viable alternative from traditional fixed internet for PCs and implementation of the mobile internet which is very convenience for us. Like Benjamin Franklin so rightly said, Forewarned is forearmed. So, on consumers point of view, yes, there is a potential need for this application. Moreover, most mobile phone network providers nowadays offer certain amount of free internet browsing on their mobile handsets each month. Users would prefer to use their free offer to check for stock information rather than dialling or texting a phone number, which are usually charged at premium rate, to get that same information. In terms of benefits for the stock exchange company, this will be an improvement of their customer service and keeping up-to-date with new technology. Staffs involved with providing information over the phone for those travellers who still feel at ease with that means, will be able to provide a better quality of service as he or she would not be under so much pressure of dealing with all the calls waiting in the queue. Moreover, staffs at the will fewer enquiries to deal with as commuters will be informed wel l in advance. As author Ben Salter and Alex Michael mentioned .thirteen per cent of mobile subscribes reported accessing news and information via a mobile browser in June 2004. [ REF 1 ] The both author believe that current number of user accessing the mobile internet to browser will increases in feature 1.2 Relevance to course Modules The product based project are really challengeable to undertake but these are possible and manageable from the modules taught over the degree few of them are very help in understanding the cirtical part of the project. Some of the important module are helpful to this project are dicussed below. 1.2.1 CCM2418 (Digital and Mobile Systems) and CCM2420 Data Communications These both modules are very useful and module which let me know about fundamental communication knowledge .we started with the simple data how it goes through different stage of process and to final point of the information at that level were we want know about web connection level what involves in modulation , demodulation , multiplexing and error checking 1.2.2 CCM3415 (Advanced Network Design and Security) and CCM2412 (Network Routing and Protocols) In these both modules were important and necessary because most of the topics we learned were associated to computer networks, and it is contributed a very important role in this project , the areas have taught in these modules includes the fundamental of the network which OSI layer model . And another important area which is protocol on the network that are the set of rule govern the network . this was the whole set of the internet , which is the keen important to largest network 1.2.3 CCM3413 (Mobile Internet Applications and Services) This was the module inspired and gave the knowledge to choose this project ,actually i learned the fundamental of the two-tier architecture , WAP technology , PHP , these topics are playing a main role in this project , module given a full scope of the internet and their uses in different device but we mainly focus on the Mobile Internet which inducted me to undertake this Project 1.2.4 CCM2426 (Professional Project Development) In this module we learn how to work in group and make it as a team. We all worked together and put all our work in to one piece of report. And we learned business ethics and how to implement them in the real life and we have discussed about computer science ethics which some very important issues in the modern day computer field which includes legal issues , copyrights and piracy theses information areas will be more helpful when we starting the marketing and involved in the business related application then there we have to implement this strategies . in past few years piracy issues are increasing in a very dramatic way due the high speed internet available and this reflected on the computer business and they seeking for legal expect to avoid this kind of problem in future . 1.2.5 CCM3422 (Computer Communications Project) This module has take place a major role of this project, according to the principle of Computer Communication Project, it involves in to scheduling and estimating technology 1.3 Literature Review My project is consisting of many different numbers of components which performs in different step in its construction and completion. to get this project as one one working model or product ,it has to process through many tasks and topics. And each and every topic in this project are constantly analysis and studied so that all every aspect are fit and work as one whole product . This project are covered from different topics and areas that were research is been taken form many source which includes text books , online materials journals and past projects . some important resource are used for the research are mentioned below with reviews and definitions. D.Houghand K. Zafar according to their point of view .there are millions of user subscribes to mobile network .these are include everyone from computer executive director to unskilled ordinary labour (Bale Bulb rook). With the benefits of the WAP enable mobile device such as mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA ) and pager are developed to access the internet right on the mobile device able to access the phone banking , price checking , product purchase or sale , any sport result and much more According to authors E.Evan ,P.Ashworth .the wireless device are increase in dramatic way and number of user to communicate , interact on the move, there is a survey showing that right now there is least One billion wireless are subscribes and soon will be increase to twice the amount now (P.Ashworth and E.Evans ,) There are so many user are subscribe and using the WAP. With help of WAP people are getting the same usual format option as exactly From A personal Computer but these are depends on our convenience and so this will lead to big revolution of the internet in the mobile device and change the traditional way of accessing the internet .Eventually public will notice the real impact of WAP devices how it will change the way of accessing internet and they would know the benefits of using this technology , more user will subscribes to network and it will start to grow on numerous way on a new form of communication because it will start using the new will get start using the new technology and they will reply on the advantage ( Frerrel, ZOO ) In Karli Watsons book (beginning WAP) . when we considering development of the todays communication world some factors are comes first but wireless communication having big impact and revolution over the public and number of users are incredibly increasing at a dramatic amount of subscribing are using and amount of data interchanging in speed at which we access the business and another uses . In less than ten year time it will have a tremendous amount of development from initial level of the internet user from the traditional network But there was a doubt on the factor of reliability and usability of the WAP access, On 2000 Ramsay and Neilson have noted in their book that the WAP is not really functional and popular now but it will be score a good reputation and developed system after 2001.Due to scale of operation grows it will led more difficulties observation. To learning Unified model language (UML) introduce will helps and leads as work along with language focused in this book , the author help to keep the clear view on the UML language and help to protect in the cobwets of methodoly. Fred R.Mcfadden and Jeffery A.Hoffer, , are interest on information resource management (IRM) are here to consider as normal way we do with everyday methods ,equipment . in other word the matter of information is a superior component and business resource and must has to treat as other asset such as student , things and etcs. Mcload and Brittain , are suggesting the basic ideas of IRM from their point of view According Ian Summervilles book is focused at student who undertaking the project in under graduation and graduate at software engineering . they have least know and done some fundamental engineering course such as programming languages . This book is full of general and basic idea of new update on some important topics such as , dependable system , requirement engineering, and architecture design. 1.4 Analysis from Literature Review This application is to designed to track the Stock Market status report through WAP enable device . the idea of this application is to provide a service for the user to check their desirable company stock rate on the particular date and a response will send back to user using programmed database and techniques. The main purpose for this application was to reducing time , developing the reliability and efficiency of use when comparing with current application or system . According to the Ramsay and Neilson personal view of WAP and they believed that WAP had a very big impact on the todays technology that we been using ever since it introduces of the this system in the market .it had a breakthrough with other opponent technology but it still had better critics among with other technology P.Ashworth, E.Evans were best authors where keen to know about the feature of mobile communication , actually both were intended to show in their book , to tell what is the feature of M-commerce as of from this decades to next decades development opportunities. M-commerce is the combination of the traditional web system and the wireless connection, Farrell were interested in studying the future of WAP technology to access the internet on mobile service and tried to explain the benefits of this system over people to use their mobile device to access the web browser or internet , even as our todays live is becoming more amd more difficult by day after day so technology might have to help the problem with changing it same system or service for instance ,internet is access from system which through traditional network but would change it technology and developed into wireless internet that is possible by the WAP technology . But according to Ian Somerville in their book Software Engineering ,they had a new form of ideas to develop and view a project by eight different parts which include an brief intro to software engineering , application designing , coding , validation and verifications , critical systems ,managements and software evaluation .this book also covers the system distribution architecture , and software development .the critical software system in consisted and integrated with the reliability , accessiably , security and avaliabilty so these are mentioned as a different topics. Jeffery A. Hoofer and Fred R. McFadden in thier book Modern Database Management they were talked about the database in a larger sector how the larger context of information resource are stored and manage in a dedicated database . In other hand Craig mentioning about the life cycle of the software and he says that UML depends on the different life cycle development model i.e. Spiral Model , Incremental Model and finally Waterfall Models , UML is depends upon the object oriented programming paradigm . so I am using one of the best model software life cycle model which Watetfall models. 2.1 Aims The ultimate aim of this project to create and build a stock market quote that allows the user to quote the stock company and accessing these are all done by selecting appropriate option on the device to have a customer needs. And there will a database is designed for the data to processed from the user and they able to pass their won information. 2.2 Objectives The objectives in project will be divided into two different informant categories ,in each category will further divided into subsection so that each and every phase will be individually discussed and this will lead to achieve a best possible end result of the Final product . Design based objective: Design based objective actually it involved in idea for framework the specified requirement for the user needs. It will really help the consumer and design from business prospect to achieve the best possible result . To build a system following key point must accomplished Modelling the system from requirement specification Implementing the requirement specification of the system using appropriate development tool Of course , testing ,evaluation and debugging the protocol against the system requirement . A created database will be use as a model for this project instead using the stock market databases Research based objectives: In order to give up- to- date software or system . we must have to be focus and to certain to changes will happened on the current system in terms in future development and challenges and often happened in the software industry. There are some of important ways for getting the software awareness by following few steps By examining people who using the daily basis and observe main fact toward the stock market assessment involves by taking surveys and feedback on the web pages usability Offering alternative or current option available to stock exchange quote and their mentioning their advantage and drawback. 2.3 Software Life Cycle and Methodology for the Project Software life cycle which related to our daily life process and it filters all process over each and every stage in our life. It is pretty commonly known fact that relation pound exits between the product class and process quality is directly equal to the result of the Product is created . the software development is neither inevitable nor efficient to produce good piece of product ,but it is also very ease to keep your product as it is . A software life cycle for the project is model used to describes the phase or stage which a software development goes through . there is other way we can also describes a software life cycle models as A software life cycle is vision of the perspective active that happens during software development [REF 5] . these factors were helping us to understand and improve the basic characteristics and activities of the software life cycle The software life cycle is best way to describe overall process involved in the project. Some important processes are described below. Help the project manager to keep the project on the track Describes the basic function that are excepted through the Project to per perform in period of software development Describes the major stage or phase of the software development Provides a general outlook od details tasks so that the we will know the every process involves in software development This Project is development by the waterfall model. Waterfall model is method used for software development process ,it goes through serious of precious step by step method and process is looks as like as waterfall .The advantage of using the waterfall modal is we can organized ,chronological approach to software develop of our projects than beginning at system level and download to next steps .forward through software development in analysis, testing, coding and management . If the software is developed for large scale system so the effects need established for all system fundamental level and assign some division of particular tasks requirement through of software.. 2.3.1 Waterfall Model: Waterfall is commonly used and adopted in software development field . From the Waterfall Model the software development is very simple and straight forward. The software development will simple as it iluustrated diagram and it says that will easier as ever before from any model . actually Waterfall model is designed to develop the software as simple method of order of segments as figure illustrated below, every segments and stage or phase are put into a distinct goals so that the any segments contributed to a software development are achieved successfully. Software Requirement In software development it is vital to gathering requirement of the software and analysis process is very important for a Software based project to build up and focus of the software .In order to know the nature of the program itself to built, one should understand and analysis the requirement of the software and domain need. To gather the requirement we have form and fellow a simple method with some of topic needed to clarified in order to get started this Project. Design a software Software designing naturally is a major and complex step process. To achieve a design process successful we have to interprets requirement into representation of the software. There so many reason and factor get the error on the software design. Coding/ Programming The designing a software which involves in varies of area to accomplished to form in machine-readable . so code generation is takes place in this step. In this step we actually test the code of our project. System evaluation/Testing Once the coding has done, the testing process begins. In this step it will point out any thing on the consist and logical parts of software to make suer which the given statements are correct and it have been tested. And another important part of test is function external testing and it is carried out to make sure that defined input statement will pass and produces actual result Maintenance Any changes or an error could happened. Once the Product has reached the end user which is the consumer . so it is important for a software to adopt into the real world use .the conditions of changes might happen on both side of the parties for instance If the consumer would like to change the option available on the current system by any chance. So it is vital for software development to maintain all the option and feature are must to be up-to-date Project Management Project management activities which involves in schedules ,planner, organization and creating tasks and document like Risk plan, SRS, configuration management and software development plan were produced .so for my Project i decides to use Work Breakdown System as project management 2.4 Work Breakdown System (WBS) WBS is a break down system which is commonly used method in all computer project to achieve all tasks in the project to produce to one workable system. With help of this sort of methodology which help our project to on the right track . in our case to produce a WAP based system to stock market on the mobile devices. 3 Problem definitions Someone who is travelling or is away from their workplace, it is often not possible to gain access from a fixed internet enabled device. But in home environment we would able to access to internet via the local network . Mobile devices are playing major in todays communication world and it becoming very usual and common thing just seem for time. This seem like without this one might thing like a breakdown in the milestone of the telecommunication in this time . Good thing is almost all of latest mobile phones and devices are embedded with WAP-enable so this encourage the user to use this kind of services and the connection are made device by connecting to server which is provided by the network service provider, so therefore provide a service which keep market users, , who spend a proportion of their typical day in the process of accessing to the stock market and tracking on market , latest informed of stock variation, stock quotes, as well as price detailed, trading status, current company news profile . The big question is whether, there is a potential large scale need for such type of service by the stock market. Stock market information is not easily available perhaps unless you are make a phone request or log on to the Internet; and while on the move it is often very difficult to get internet access without a WAP enabled mobile phone or PDA. It is quite simple to imagine that technology is backbone of todays modern world, in this technology world the most important rule is played by the Software System. Almost everyone have to come across with the modern technology every day after day. But few technology development have made tremendous implement with presenting a new form of application performance , attached feature and way of interaction between the user and system these systems are really capable of do anything form a low- level basic need like TV remote to highly sophisacted and sensitive system like Bank transaction these all designed for one single purpose make life easier. Wired communication systems have as their main disadvantage the lack of mobility; wireless systems have the big advantage of supporting mobility of system use. In this modern world technology are getting even better ,not only in technology also in way of communication are now .The development of the mobile internet, mobile devices, applications and the provision of services such as the one proposed here attract considerable attention and effort in these time; there were number of studies and research going to find an efficient mobile internet for mobile phones and other wireless devices One general requirement to ensure that the security of client there are variety of virus and attacker are waiting to corrupt or stole our data from us . so it important to guide the user to access the relevant information easy and rapid . there are two way for safe surf on the mobile internet Allow the user to surf the particular market report on the relevant web site on the micro-browser To allow data streaming to capture the information on the mamory User interface is another issue in mobile device ,due it small screen it just display very few information in simple manner . Brief product description: It is a client-server based application which will support multi-client. For example: User will input share company the which will be send as a request and the server should respond by sending the real time stock market value of the company share has traded over the previous 40 weeks It should be simple, with a suitable user interface and little user inputs so that the result is obtained the as soon as possible It should also support push services, where certain stockholder will be automatically alerted on their mobile should any changes in the service status occurs. The server should automatically push the information to the specific registered mobile users. Deliverables and Development Requirements To successful completion of the project the following items in list will be given in the final submission A hardcopy of the Project final report A softcopy of the Project final report A turnitin copy of the document Program code on the CD Software and development requirement used document Development requirement of the system are: MySQL Server Windows Vista Nokia series Designing a Application from user point of view. As stock quote is never easy before computer start to serve the user demand ,as a stock market person has to know the rate of the stock till up to date but these are possible by Internet as simple as single click you would know the value from past record to till now . In the period when the computer are not as personal computer those days the person itself has to find the stock value through Walk-in to the local newsagent to buy NEWS paper or Television or even Radio but this media were not that reliable as todays technology which Internet, computer ,wireless. But technology start to change the way of stock market working from the traditional method . However our aim is to provide a reliable method for a person to access the stock market condition as easy as possible by using it. So we have to design a application which will server the user need in simple way .,to fulfil there need as application designer has to thing generously from user point of view. Some of the questions are stri ked Is this application or service are able to served the user needs or it just focus on business prospective . Is the user getting any useful and benefit from the application or web page is been designed . How reliable is this application whether is based on other source or direct information from the stock company User interface is most important part for a application ,it must has to be easy to user to use . To design the WAP application we have to gather relevant information or opion from stock holders who really would get benefit from this WAP application as a user. I managed to contact two persons who using the computer to keep to know stock market rate. Their ultimate demand is that interface must has to simple and provide the useful information as simple as possible like simple graph, etc. So the application is designed to help the user so interface has to simple but not to find how to use it, this will leads poor impression on the application. However everyone has different thoughts from thinging of what they want to make them comfortable well i concluded the thoughts of stock market users what do they want the application has to appear and help them to easy way of tracking the current value of the stock market. Ease of use: As a normal user cannot read manual, particularly for some simple service like sending a message, so if they cannot know how to use the application ,they get frustrated and tent to leave the application altogether. That means if the application is not fully intuition, then people will get stuck and we might lose them forever. The user will not come to figure out how to get the application to work .Another ease of use factor is the difficulty of getting to a URL. When designing a software for certain purpose where the user could get useful by that . The software itself has to serve the purpose that made up for what .There is major role for design a application how it will become useable by user. However ,if the users goal and the applications are not same ,there may be a problem . for example user want to know the previous stock market rate and average of the rate by performs of the particular company stock from past fifteen days data report , in order to plan for feature plan and to analysis on the market .And if my application only provide the stock value for the past seven days ,in this case the application is not provide the solution to the user demand. To provide the full potential of the application to user by developing or designing the option in the application as simple as possible o obtain the what is wanted to use by the user. For instance If user if user is holding stock in five major companies shares ,for him or his need to see the top companies which he or she interested should show at first place instant of thousands of company from the list . So in here we deploying the user reliable context to reduce complex problem into simple solution. We can able to attract the user or customer to use our application or provide. The application must have to provides critical inf